GLOBAL SMALL PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION, DEMAND AND KEY PRODUCERS, 2022-2028

Table of Contents

1 Supply Summary
1.1 Small Program Development Introduction
1.2 World Small Program Development Market Size & Forecast (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
1.3 World Small Program Development Total Market by Region
1.3.1 World Small Program Development Market Size by Region (2017-2028)
1.3.2 United States Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.3.3 China Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.3.4 Europe Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.3.5 Japan Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.3.6 South Korea Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.3.7 ASEAN Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.3.8 India Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028)
1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.4.1 Small Program Development Market Drivers
1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
1.4.3 Small Program Development Major Market Trends
1.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
1.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
1.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
2 World Small Program Development Companies Competitive Analysis
2.1 World Small Program Development Revenue by Player (2017-2022)
2.2 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
2.2.1 Global Small Program Development Industry Rank of Major Players
2.2.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Small Program Development in 2021
2.2.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Small Program Development in 2021
2.3 Small Program Development Company Evaluation Quadrant
2.4 Small Program Development Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
2.4.1 Small Program Development Market: Region Footprint
2.4.2 Small Program Development Market: Company Product Type Footprint
2.4.3 Small Program Development Market: Company Product Application Footprint
2.5 Competitive Environment
2.5.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
2.5.2 Barriers of Market Entry
2.5.3 Factors of Competition
2.6 Mergers, Acquisitions Activity
3 United States VS China VS Rest of the World
3.1 United States VS China: Small Program Development Market Comparison
3.1.1 United States VS China: Small Program Development Market Size Comparison (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
3.1.2 United States VS China: Small Program Development Market Size Market Share Comparison (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
3.2 United States Small Program Development Major Players and Market Share, 2017-2022
3.2.1 Major Players of Small Program Development in United States, Headquarters (States, Country)
3.2.2 United States Small Program Development Revenue by Domestic Player, (2017-2022)
3.3 China Small Program Development Major Players and Market Share, 2017-2022
3.3.1 Major Players of Small Program Development in China, Headquarters (Province, Country)
3.3.2 China Small Program Development Revenue by Domestic Player, (2017-2022)
3.4 Rest of World Small Program Development Major Players and Market Share, 2017-2022
3.4.1 Major Players of Small Program Development in Rest of World, Headquarters (State, Country)
3.4.2 Rest of World Small Program Development Revenue by Domestic Player, (2017-2022)
4 Market Analysis by Type
4.1 World Small Program Development Market Size Overview by Type: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
4.2 Segment Introduction by Type
4.2.1 Independent Development
4.2.2 Standalone Deployment
4.2.3 SASS Mode
4.3 Market Segment by Type
4.3.1 World Small Program Development Market Size by Type (2017-2022)
4.3.2 World Small Program Development Market Size by Type (2023-2028)
4.3.3 World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
5 Market Analysis by Application
5.1 World Small Program Development Market Size Overview by Application: 2017 VS 2021 VS 2028
5.2 Segment Introduction by Application
5.2.1 Personal
5.2.2 Commercial
5.3 Market Segment by Application
5.3.1 World Small Program Development Market Size by Application (2017-2022)
5.3.2 World Small Program Development Market Size by Application (2023-2028)
5.3.3 World Small Program Development Market Size by Application (2017-2028)
6 Company Profiles
6.1 Microsoft
6.1.1 Microsoft Details
6.1.2 Microsoft Major Business
6.1.3 Microsoft Small Program Development Product and Services
6.1.4 Microsoft Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.1.5 Microsoft Recent Developments/Updates
6.1.6 Microsoft Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.2 Jetbrains
6.2.1 Jetbrains Details
6.2.2 Jetbrains Major Business
6.2.3 Jetbrains Small Program Development Product and Services
6.2.4 Jetbrains Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.2.5 Jetbrains Recent Developments/Updates
6.2.6 Jetbrains Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.3 Perforce
6.3.1 Perforce Details
6.3.2 Perforce Major Business
6.3.3 Perforce Small Program Development Product and Services
6.3.4 Perforce Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.3.5 Perforce Recent Developments/Updates
6.3.6 Perforce Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.4 Atlassian
6.4.1 Atlassian Details
6.4.2 Atlassian Major Business
6.4.3 Atlassian Small Program Development Product and Services
6.4.4 Atlassian Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.4.5 Atlassian Recent Developments/Updates
6.4.6 Atlassian Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.5 Adobe
6.5.1 Adobe Details
6.5.2 Adobe Major Business
6.5.3 Adobe Small Program Development Product and Services
6.5.4 Adobe Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.5.5 Adobe Recent Developments/Updates
6.5.6 Adobe Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.6 Oracle Corporation
6.6.1 Oracle Corporation Details
6.6.2 Oracle Corporation Major Business
6.6.3 Oracle Corporation Small Program Development Product and Services
6.6.4 Oracle Corporation Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.6.5 Oracle Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
6.6.6 Oracle Corporation Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.7 Synopsys
6.7.1 Synopsys Details
6.7.2 Synopsys Major Business
6.7.3 Synopsys Small Program Development Product and Services
6.7.4 Synopsys Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.7.5 Synopsys Recent Developments/Updates
6.7.6 Synopsys Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.8 Axure Software Solution
6.8.1 Axure Software Solution Details
6.8.2 Axure Software Solution Major Business
6.8.3 Axure Software Solution Small Program Development Product and Services
6.8.4 Axure Software Solution Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.8.5 Axure Software Solution Recent Developments/Updates
6.8.6 Axure Software Solution Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.9 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd
6.9.1 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Details
6.9.2 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Major Business
6.9.3 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Small Program Development Product and Services
6.9.4 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.9.5 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
6.9.6 Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.10 Trident Inforsol
6.10.1 Trident Inforsol Details
6.10.2 Trident Inforsol Major Business
6.10.3 Trident Inforsol Small Program Development Product and Services
6.10.4 Trident Inforsol Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.10.5 Trident Inforsol Recent Developments/Updates
6.10.6 Trident Inforsol Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.11 Emerline
6.11.1 Emerline Details
6.11.2 Emerline Major Business
6.11.3 Emerline Small Program Development Product and Services
6.11.4 Emerline Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.11.5 Emerline Recent Developments/Updates
6.11.6 Emerline Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.12 GoodFirms
6.12.1 GoodFirms Details
6.12.2 GoodFirms Major Business
6.12.3 GoodFirms Small Program Development Product and Services
6.12.4 GoodFirms Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.12.5 GoodFirms Recent Developments/Updates
6.12.6 GoodFirms Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.13 LeewayHertz
6.13.1 LeewayHertz Details
6.13.2 LeewayHertz Major Business
6.13.3 LeewayHertz Small Program Development Product and Services
6.13.4 LeewayHertz Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.13.5 LeewayHertz Recent Developments/Updates
6.13.6 LeewayHertz Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.14 ScienceSoft
6.14.1 ScienceSoft Details
6.14.2 ScienceSoft Major Business
6.14.3 ScienceSoft Small Program Development Product and Services
6.14.4 ScienceSoft Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.14.5 ScienceSoft Recent Developments/Updates
6.14.6 ScienceSoft Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.15 Belitsoft
6.15.1 Belitsoft Details
6.15.2 Belitsoft Major Business
6.15.3 Belitsoft Small Program Development Product and Services
6.15.4 Belitsoft Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.15.5 Belitsoft Recent Developments/Updates
6.15.6 Belitsoft Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.16 Mendix
6.16.1 Mendix Details
6.16.2 Mendix Major Business
6.16.3 Mendix Small Program Development Product and Services
6.16.4 Mendix Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.16.5 Mendix Recent Developments/Updates
6.16.6 Mendix Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.17 Neptune Software
6.17.1 Neptune Software Details
6.17.2 Neptune Software Major Business
6.17.3 Neptune Software Small Program Development Product and Services
6.17.4 Neptune Software Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.17.5 Neptune Software Recent Developments/Updates
6.17.6 Neptune Software Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.18 LITSLINK
6.18.1 LITSLINK Details
6.18.2 LITSLINK Major Business
6.18.3 LITSLINK Small Program Development Product and Services
6.18.4 LITSLINK Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.18.5 LITSLINK Recent Developments/Updates
6.18.6 LITSLINK Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
6.19 OutSystems
6.19.1 OutSystems Details
6.19.2 OutSystems Major Business
6.19.3 OutSystems Small Program Development Product and Services
6.19.4 OutSystems Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022)
6.19.5 OutSystems Recent Developments/Updates
6.19.6 OutSystems Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7 Raw Material and Industry Chain
7.1 Raw Material of Small Program Development and Key Manufacturers
7.2 Small Program Development Manufacturing Costs
7.3 Small Program Development Production Process
7.4 Small Program Development Industrial Chain
8 Distribution Channel Analysis
8.1 Distribution Channel Breakdown for Small Program Development Shipments (%): 2017-2028
8.1.1 Direct Channel
8.1.2 Indirect Channel
8.2 Small Program Development Typical Distributors
8.3 Small Program Development Typical Customers
9 Research Findings and Conclusion
10 Appendix
10.1 Methodology
10.2 Research Process and Data Source
10.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables
Table 1. World Small Program Development Market Size by Region (2017, 2022 and 2028) & (USD Million)
Table 2. World Small Program Development Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 3. World Small Program Development Market Size by Region (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 4. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Region (2017-2022)
Table 5. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Region (2023-2028)
Table 6. Major Market Trends
Table 7. World Small Program Development Revenue by Player (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 8. Revenue Market Share of Key Small Program Development Players in 2021
Table 9. World Small Program Development Industry Rank of Major Player, Based on Revenue in 2021
Table 10. Global Small Program Development Company Evaluation Quadrant
Table 11. Head Office of Key Small Program Development Player
Table 12. Small Program Development Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 13. Small Program Development Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 14. Small Program Development Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
Table 15. United States VS China Small Program Development Market Size Comparison, (2017 & 2021 & 2028) & (USD Million)
Table 16. Major Player of Small Program Development in United States, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 17. United States Small Program Development Revenue by Domestic Player, (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 18. United States Small Program Development Revenue Market Share by Domestic Player, (2017-2022)
Table 19. Major Player of Small Program Development in China, Company Headquarters (Province, Country)
Table 20. China Small Program Development Revenue by Domestic Player, (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 21. China Small Program Development Revenue Market Share by Domestic Player, (2017-2022)
Table 22. Major Player of Small Program Development in Rest of World, Company Headquarters (State, Country)
Table 23. Rest of World Small Program Development Revenue by Domestic Player, (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 24. Rest of World Small Program Development Revenue Market Share by Domestic Player, (2017-2022)
Table 25. World Small Program Development Revenue by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 26. World Small Program Development Revenue by Type (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 27. World Small Program Development Revenue by Type (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 28. World Small Program Development Revenue by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Table 29. World Small Program Development Revenue by Application (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 30. World Small Program Development Revenue by Application (2023-2028) & (USD Million)
Table 31. Microsoft Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 32. Microsoft Major Business
Table 33. Microsoft Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 34. Microsoft Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 35. Microsoft Recent Developments/Updates
Table 36. Microsoft Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 37. Jetbrains Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 38. Jetbrains Major Business
Table 39. Jetbrains Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 40. Jetbrains Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 41. Jetbrains Recent Developments/Updates
Table 42. Jetbrains Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 43. Perforce Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 44. Perforce Major Business
Table 45. Perforce Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 46. Perforce Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 47. Perforce Recent Developments/Updates
Table 48. Perforce Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 49. Atlassian Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 50. Atlassian Major Business
Table 51. Atlassian Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 52. Atlassian Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 53. Atlassian Recent Developments/Updates
Table 54. Atlassian Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 55. Adobe Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 56. Adobe Major Business
Table 57. Adobe Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 58. Adobe Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 59. Adobe Recent Developments/Updates
Table 60. Adobe Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 61. Oracle Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 62. Oracle Corporation Major Business
Table 63. Oracle Corporation Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 64. Oracle Corporation Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 65. Oracle Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 66. Oracle Corporation Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 67. Synopsys Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 68. Synopsys Major Business
Table 69. Synopsys Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 70. Synopsys Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 71. Synopsys Recent Developments/Updates
Table 72. Synopsys Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 73. Axure Software Solution Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 74. Axure Software Solution Major Business
Table 75. Axure Software Solution Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 76. Axure Software Solution Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 77. Axure Software Solution Recent Developments/Updates
Table 78. Axure Software Solution Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 79. Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 80. Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Major Business
Table 81. Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 82. Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 83. Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
Table 84. Sparx Systems Pty Ltd Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 85. Trident Inforsol Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 86. Trident Inforsol Major Business
Table 87. Trident Inforsol Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 88. Trident Inforsol Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 89. Trident Inforsol Recent Developments/Updates
Table 90. Trident Inforsol Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 91. Emerline Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 92. Emerline Major Business
Table 93. Emerline Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 94. Emerline Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 95. Emerline Recent Developments/Updates
Table 96. Emerline Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 97. GoodFirms Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 98. GoodFirms Major Business
Table 99. GoodFirms Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 100. GoodFirms Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 101. GoodFirms Recent Developments/Updates
Table 102. GoodFirms Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 103. LeewayHertz Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 104. LeewayHertz Major Business
Table 105. LeewayHertz Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 106. LeewayHertz Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 107. LeewayHertz Recent Developments/Updates
Table 108. LeewayHertz Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 109. ScienceSoft Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 110. ScienceSoft Major Business
Table 111. ScienceSoft Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 112. ScienceSoft Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 113. ScienceSoft Recent Developments/Updates
Table 114. ScienceSoft Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 115. Belitsoft Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 116. Belitsoft Major Business
Table 117. Belitsoft Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 118. Belitsoft Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 119. Belitsoft Recent Developments/Updates
Table 120. Belitsoft Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 121. Mendix Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 122. Mendix Major Business
Table 123. Mendix Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 124. Mendix Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 125. Mendix Recent Developments/Updates
Table 126. Mendix Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 127. Neptune Software Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 128. Neptune Software Major Business
Table 129. Neptune Software Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 130. Neptune Software Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 131. Neptune Software Recent Developments/Updates
Table 132. Neptune Software Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 133. LITSLINK Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 134. LITSLINK Major Business
Table 135. LITSLINK Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 136. LITSLINK Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 137. LITSLINK Recent Developments/Updates
Table 138. OutSystems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 139. OutSystems Major Business
Table 140. OutSystems Small Program Development Product and Services
Table 141. OutSystems Small Program Development Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2022) & (USD Million)
Table 142. Small Program Development Raw Material
Table 143. Key Manufacturers of Small Program Development Raw Materials
Table 144. Small Program Development Typical Distributors
Table 145. Small Program Development Typical Customers
List of Figure
Figure 1. Small Program Development Picture
Figure 2. World Small Program Development Total Market Size: 2017 & 2021 & 2028, (USD Million)
Figure 3. World Small Program Development Total Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 4. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Region (2017-2028)
Figure 5. United States Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 6. China Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 7. Europe Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 8. Japan Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 9. South Korea Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. ASEAN Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. India Small Program Development Market Size (2017-2028) & (USD Million)
Figure 12. Small Program Development Market Drivers
Figure 13. Factors Affecting Demand
Figure 14. Producer Shipments of Small Program Development by Player Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
Figure 15. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Small Program Development Markets in 2021
Figure 16. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Small Program Development Markets in 2021
Figure 17. United States VS China: Small Program Development Market Size Market Share Comparison (2017 & 2021 & 2028)
Figure 18. World Small Program Development Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 19. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Type in 2021
Figure 20. Independent Development
Figure 21. Standalone Deployment
Figure 22. SASS Mode
Figure 23. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Type (2017-2028)
Figure 24. World Small Program Development Market Size by Application, (USD Million), 2017 & 2021 & 2028
Figure 25. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Application in 2021
Figure 26. Personal
Figure 27. Commercial
Figure 28. World Small Program Development Market Size Market Share by Application (2017-2028)
Figure 29. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Small Program Development in 2021
Figure 30. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Small Program Development
Figure 31. Small Program Development Industrial Chain
Figure 32. Distribution Channel Breakdown for Small Program Development Shipments (%): 2017-2028
Figure 33. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 34. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 35. Methodology
Figure 36. Research Process and Data Source